Python's method of setting a global proxy ip

In some cases, you may need to set a global proxy IP in your Python script to ensure that all network requests go through the specified proxy server. Next, I will detail how to set a global proxy IP in Python.

Method 1: Use environment variables

One of the easiest ways to configure the global agent is by setting an environment variable. Here are the exact steps:

Step 1: Setting Environment Variables

Before running a Python script, you can set environment variables from the command line:

export http_proxy=http://proxy_ip:proxy_port
export https_proxy=https://proxy_ip:proxy_port

Example:

export http_proxy=http://123.45.67.89:8080
export https_proxy=https://123.45.67.89:8080

On Windows systems, you can use the following commands to set environment variables:

set http_proxy=http://123.45.67.89:8080
set https_proxy=https://123.45.67.89:8080

Step 2: Run the Python Script

After setting the environment variables, run your Python script:

python your_script.py

At this point, all web requests made through the requests library will automatically use the specified proxy server.

Method 2: Set the global proxy in the code

Another way is to set the global proxy directly in the code. Here are the exact steps:

Step 1: Import the necessary modules

First, import the os and requests modules:

import os
import requests

Step 2: Setting Environment Variables

Setting environment variables in code:

os.environ['http_proxy'] = 'http://123.45.67.89:8080'
os.environ['https_proxy'] = 'https://123.45.67.89:8080'

Step 3: Send a network request

After setting the environment variable, all web requests made through the requests library will automatically use the specified proxy server:

response = requests.get('http://example.com')
print(response.text)

Method 3: Use the session object of the requests library

You can also use the session object of the requests library to set up a global proxy. Here are the exact steps:

Step 1: Create a session object

First, create a requests session object:

import requests

session = requests.Session()

Step 2: Setting up the proxy

Set the proxy in the session object:

proxies = {
    'http': 'http://123.45.67.89:8080',
    'https': 'https://123.45.67.89:8080',
}

session.proxies.update(proxies)

Step 3: Send a network request

Use the session object to send network requests:

response = session.get('http://example.com')
print(response.text)

Method 4: Use the urllib library

If you are using the urllib library, you can set up the global proxy in the following way:

Step 1: Import the necessary modules

First, import the urllib module:

import urllib.request

Step 2: Setting up the proxy

Create an agent processor and install it globally:

proxy_handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({
    'http': 'http://123.45.67.89:8080',
    'https': 'https://123.45.67.89:8080',
})

opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler)
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)

Step 3: Send a network request

Use urllib to send network requests:

response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://example.com')
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

caveat

There are a few things to keep in mind when using a proxy IP:

1. Proxy IP quality:Make sure that the proxy IP you are using is reliable, otherwise it may result in failed or slow access.
2. Privacy and Security:There is a risk of data theft or tampering when using public proxy IPs. For sensitive operations, it is recommended to use a reputable paid proxy service.
3. The geographic location of the proxy server:Choose a proxy server in the right geographic location to ensure access speed and stability.

summarize

With the above method, you can set a global proxy IP in Python to ensure that all network requests go through the specified proxy server. Whether it's for privacy or to improve access speed, proxy IPs are a technical tool worth trying.