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How to add more layers of proxies to a crawler

In the process of web crawling, using multi-layer proxies can effectively improve the privacy and security of data crawling and reduce the risk of being blocked by the target website. In this article, we will introduce in detail how to set up multi-layer proxies for crawlers, including the choice of proxies, configurations and considerations.

1. The concept of multilayer agents

Multi-layer proxying is the practice of forwarding network requests through multiple proxy servers when they are made. The benefits of doing this include:

• Increased anonymity: Using multiple proxies can hide the real IP address and make identification more difficult.
• Improved stability: Even if an agent fails, other agents can still continue to work, ensuring the stability of the crawler.

2. Choosing the right agent

Before setting up a multi-tier proxy, you first need to choose the right proxy service. The following are factors to consider when choosing a proxy:

• High anonymity: Choose a high anonymity proxy to avoid being recognized by the target site.
• Speed and Stability: Ensure that proxy servers are fast and stable to avoid crawl failures due to proxy problems.
• Rich IP resources: Choose a proxy service that offers rich IP resources for frequent switching.

3. Configuring multilayer agents

The specific steps for configuring a multilayer proxy are as follows:

3.1 Using Proxy Pools

Create a pool of proxies to store multiple proxy addresses in a list. Proxies can be managed using Python's lists or dictionaries:

# Proxy Pool Example
proxy_pool = [
'http://proxy1:port',
'http://proxy2:port',
'http://proxy3:port',
]

3.2 Random selection of agents

Randomly selecting a proxy from a pool of proxies to use on each request can be accomplished with Python's random library:

import random

# Randomly select proxies
selected_proxy = random.choice(proxy_pool)

3.3 Sending requests

Send the request using the selected proxy. The following is an example of using the Requests library:

import requests

# Setting up proxies
proxies = {
'http': selected_proxy,
'https': selected_proxy,
}

# Send request
response = requests.get('https://example.com', proxies=proxies)

# Output the response
print(response.text)

3.4 Adding a Proxy Chain

If further privacy enhancements are required, proxy chains can be created between multiple proxies. For example, use the SOCKS5 proxy as an intermediate layer:

# Assuming two proxies
first_proxy = 'http://proxy1:port'
second_proxy = 'socks5://proxy2:port'

# Send a request
response = requests.get('https://example.com', proxies={'http': first_proxy})
response = requests.get('https://example.com', proxies={'http': second_proxy})

print(response.text)

4. Cautions

• Monitoring Agent Effectiveness: Regularly check the availability of agents in the agent pool and replace failed agents in a timely manner.
• Setting the request interval: To avoid sending requests too often, random request intervals can be set to simulate the behavior of human users.
• Follow the target site's crawler protocol: Follow the rules in the robots.txt file to avoid burdening the target site.

5. Summary

Adding several more layers of proxies to the crawler can effectively improve the privacy and security of data crawling. By reasonably selecting proxies, configuring the proxy pool and paying attention to related matters, you can build an efficient and stable multi-layer proxy crawler system. I hope this article can help you better understand and realize the configuration of multi-layer proxy, so that your data crawling work more smoothly!